Many people applying for a family-based green card through adjustment of status also apply for a work permit (also called employment authorization), which can make everyday life in the United States much easier while your green card application is still being processed.
Every family-based green card applicant will need to apply for a Social Security number. Adjustment of status applicants can apply for one after they receive their work permit. If you decide not to apply for employment authorization, you will wait until your green card arrives instead. If you applied for your green card through consular processing, you will apply for a social security number after you receive your green card.
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Employment Authorization Document (EAD)
An EAD, or also called a work permit, is a card issued by USCIS that allows you to legally work in the United States while your green card application is pending.
If you are applying using the adjustment of status pathway from within the United States, you may be eligible to apply one of these by filing Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. Many applicants file this form at the same time as their green card application.
Once it is approved, USCIS will mail you your work permit.
In response to the question "How long will it take to get EAD after filing?"
"USCIS's own published timeline for concurrent I-765 filed with marriage-based I-485 is 11-15 months. However, this timeline accounts for even the slowest/more complex cases. Typically this takes 2-6 months for most people. Check community trackers such as VisaJourney or Trackitt to see how long other people in a similar situation is taking."
Read the ThreadSocial Security Number (SSN)
A Social Security number is a unique number issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA). It is used to report wages, pay taxes, and verify your identity for employment and other everyday activities.
A Social Security number is not an immigration status or a work permit. It is an identification number that you will use throughout your life in the United States.
How to Get Your SSN
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Wait for your EAD or Green Card to arrive
Once you have your work permit or Green Card in hand, you can begin the process of requesting your Social Security number.
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Start your application online
Visit the Social Security Administration's website to begin your application.
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Visit your local Social Security office
Bring your original EAD or Green Card, along with any other documents SSA requests, such as your passport. Do not bring copies of these documents. They will need to see the originals.
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Wait for your card to arrive by mail
Once your documents are verified, SSA will typically mail your Social Security card to the address on file.
These steps can change, so it's a good idea to check the SSA website for the most current instructions before your visit.
"You have to schedule an appointment with SSA to request your SSN, it's no longer automatic. You bring your current passport + the EAD card in hand (if you want to be extra safe, the approval notice as well) and request one."
Read the ThreadProtect Your Social Security Number
Your Social Security number (SSN) is sensitive personal information. Only share it when it is truly needed, such as for a job, taxes, or opening a bank account. Keep your Social Security card in a safe place at home, and be cautious of anyone who asks for your SSN. Protecting your SSN can help prevent identity theft and fraud.
Getting your work permit and Social Security number is an exciting milestone. While you are waiting for your green card, these documents can help you take care of many everyday tasks and begin building your life in the United States.
Depending on your situation and the laws in your state, you may be able to:
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Get a job
Here are some links to job search and networking websites to help get you started.
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Open a bank account and start building credit
These are some banks you might recognize and have a location near you. Visit one and they can help you set up a bank account and walk you through some credit card options.
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Apply for a driver's license or state ID
Look up your state's Department of Motor Vehicles and find information on what you need to bring to a location to get your ID card.
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Get health insurance
Depending on your circumstances, you may be able to obtain health insurance through an employer, the Health Insurance Marketplace, or another program.
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File your taxes
If you earn income in the United States, you may need to file a federal and, in some cases, state tax return.